Violin Lounge 2021 | Ad majorem Dei gloriam |, discover the 5 secrets to a professional sound. Simple economics tells us that when the demand outweighs the supply, the value increases. the sizes of clothes are soo off i'm anywhere between a 8 and 16 here, its weird. There wasn't much significant difference between the average wood density of the classical and modern violins used in the study. The popular podcast series Twenty Thousand Hertz looks into the stories behind the world's most recognizable and interesting sounds. Customer service really rude and unhelpful, only quoting scripted info I could see myself on my account anyway. We apologize for any inconvenience we may have caused you. The resulting measurements were sufficiently detailed to reconstruct the stiffness properties of the wood used to make the Strads, according to Bissinger. A VAT number allows tax authorities in the EU to track the movement of goods and associated tax liabilities on trading businesses. between Stradivarius and Guarnieri violins, Mystery solved: Chemicals made Stradivarius violins unique, says professor, Previously unknown mechanism in precision RNA cleaving by Dicer enzyme revealed, Modeling of European Neanderthal migration hints at hidden archaeological hot spots in Iran, Global warming could lead to increase in 'hot lightning' strikes causing more wildfires, Oldest known pollen-carrying insect found in Russia, Observations shed more light on the behavior of a nearby blazar, Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox. In 2008, Berend Stoel from the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands collaborated with a luthier named Terry Borman to take CT scans of several Strads, along with several modern instruments for comparison. Stradivari violins are known to have a Latin inscription that reads "Antonius Stradivarius Cremonesis Faciebat Anno" followed by the date when it was made. Antoni Stradivari managed to craft 1,100 instruments (only 650 survive) in the late 17th century that are still prized today and sell for millions of dollars. However, it is possible to register for VAT voluntarily. This is a well-known bias situation in psychology that is called a " halo effect ". As Texas A&M Today notes: [Stradivari and fellow maker Guarneri] soaked their instruments in chemicals such as borax and brine to protect them from a worm infestation that was sweeping through Italy in the 1700s. I returned an online order in store and received a return number I still havent received a refund 10 weeks later m.Customer services is appalling just continually fob you off.DO NOT PURCHASE ANYTHING FROM THIS COMPANY!! Tried to return a Oder that a brought online , when I enter my details it said NOT recognised Im afraid once you have purchased its near on impossible to return DONT WAiST YOUR MONEY !!! The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form. We never spam. So, what gives these top-notch violins, like Stradivarius, their signature, powerful sound? Chips me a diggleswitch!! Texas A+M is very aware of this Not happy as now 30 out of pocket with trousers that don't fit and a daughter who wants a replacement Xmas pressie. Players that prefer a darker, silkier tone are more likely to gravitate to the Guarneris, and players who prefer precision and refinement tend to prefer a Stradivarius. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Im just going to play the thing, Makris remembers. The problem with studies looking at chemical composition is that they don't include measurements of how the violins actually vibrate and create the soundwaves which we hear. Your feedback is important to us. or, by Bruno Fazenda, The Conversation. Guarneris tend to have a richer, warmer sound than Strads, and tend to be stronger and louder. Thank you for taking time to provide your feedback to the editors. He specifically wanted to measure the in-plane and out-plane motion: the in-plane motion is the source of much of the sound energy, and this converts into out-plane motion, which produces the rich tonal sounds we associate with fine violins. See below for the Strad players. Its been solved. Imagine if you had invented something centuries ago whose form and function nobody had ever been able to improve? This is the worst customer service I have ever experienced. The quality. It is a very big order and now I dont know if it will ever be delivered. Anybody who owns a Chevy knows that for a fact. They are easy to play, project well, have a sweet sound, and allow the player to create an extremely wide range of different sound colors. Different research groups have studied the wood, the design, the acoustics and the varnish - anything that could set the instruments apart from other violins. During this age, Italian families like Amati, Stradivari, and Guarneri were on high request to deliver the finest violins, meant to be played in the finest concert halls of Europe. This question led Makris on a seven-year quest to document the acoustics of the lute, but also theoud, medieval fiddle, guitar and ultimately the violin. We use our own and third-party cookies to improve your experience and our services, and to analyze the use of our website. Bought a pair of their Straight Leg Cargo pants in black from ASOS which I loved. Read about our approach to external linking. The average Strad, if there is such a thing, will be valued at multi-millions. . What a scam! In fact, the sound produced by a Stradivarius violin was the focus of a study that MIT conducted. I have asked for the order to be cancelled and a refund provided. Everything about this company is awful. Now a team of scientists from National Taiwan University have tried to uncover the secret of Stradivarius violins by analysing the chemistry of the wood they're made from. There, select "Create an account for me". Follow him at@jdmagness, by Josh Jones | Permalink | Comments (9) |. And it is no first draft, no prototype. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Upon investigation, authorities believe that the culprits were after the authenticity certificates of the Stradivarius violins he owned so they can be sold, as reported by ATI. Your email address will not be published. They were famous from the first, as were some other Cremona violin makers. We have contacted you by e-mail providing you with all the requested information with the expected solution. In the new paper the researchers found reproducible differences in chemical compositions between maples used by Stradivarius and Guarnieri and those used by modern instrument makers. I dont know if anyone has conducted any research to prove or disprove this theory in the intervening period. Enter your details to create your Government Gateway ID. There is a (possibly apocryphal) story about Cremona factory signs. Whats more, an elongated sound hole takes up little space on the violin, while still producing a full sound a design that the researchers found to be more power-efficient than the rounder sound holes of the violins ancestors, such as medieval fiddles, lyres, and rebecs. Legal and Technical. My heart asks, how can we cage the ultimate bird? What would I give for the chance, just once, to hear it sing? But how is it possible that, despite our many technological advances, we cannot create violins that sound better than the ones created in the 17th and 18th centuries? DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611253114, Journal information: Refused to allow me to return, exchange or provide a credit note for a Christmas present which I tried to return on 2nd January. We are very sorry for what happened. Annual Fast Will Begin With A Crescent MoonAnd End With A Total Eclipse Of The Sun, A Psychologist Offers Advice On How To Repair A Family Rift, A Psychologist Discusses 2 Ways To Stop An Unhealthy Cycle Of Mental Masturbation. This is a BETA experience. Sensational Scales is a 85 page violin scale book that goes from simple beginner scales with finger charts all the way to all three octave scales and arpeggios. Theyve learned that time and place matter more than they supposed. What's so special about Stradivarius violins, and why are they so expensive? You may have heard of violins made by Giuseppe Guarnerius, commonly called Guarneris. They have also found that the wood Stradivari used was treated with various chemicals, such as aluminum, calcium, and copper, which may alter its acoustic properties. Scientists hypothesize that the Little Ice Age (1300-1850) may have been a factor since it would have caused the wood Stradivari used to grow more slowly, and thus be denser, creating a unique sound. Some studies, in the aptly named Catgut Acoustical Society Journal, have shown that there is indeed a difference in acoustic response between Stradivarius and Guarnieri violins. In 2019, he moved to Paraguay with his daughter Lydia. By signing up you agree to our privacy policy. It seems impossible. But they definitely knew what was a better instrument to replicate.. At heart, the question seems to be whether the aural qualities of a Stradivari instrument can be plucked from their time and place of origin and made fungible, so to speak, across the centuries. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Although we believe that Stradivari created 960 violins, only 650 remain today, most of which are in the hands of private collectors. In this article I answer the questions I get most from my students about Stradivarius violins. The home was found ransacked and there were signs that von Bredow was tortured. A number of these studies have focused on the chemical composition of the wood in violins made in Cremona by Antonio Stradivari in the 17th and 18th centuries. To study the coating, chemists at The University of Pavia studied two Stradivarius violins: the San Lorenzo from 1718 and the Toscano from 1690. Once an item sells there is a short period of minutes while it goes pending till the payment clears. The Conversation. The ex Adolf Busch (1716) is owned by David Garrett. The instruments made after this period show signs of his advancing age; they are less beautiful, heavier, and the craftsmanship wasnt as refined (although the sound is still incredible!). This is due to one of the following reasons: the VAT number does not exist the VAT number has not been activated for intra-EU transactions the registration is not yet finalised (some EU countries require a separate registration for intra-EU transactions). This has resulted in numerous studies hunting for a scientific reason for why Strads sound so good. World-renowned cellist Yo-Yo Ma has long favored a Stradivarius instrument, as does violinist Joshua Bell. Chemical distinctions between Stradivari's maple and modern tonewood, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2016). David Oistrakh plus his strad (on loan to him for 10 years) plus Tchaikovsky violin concerto will convince you that strads do matter. The researchers found. Click Finances. This is the second-highest amount ever paid for a Stradivarius, with the highest being 15.9 million dollars paid for the Lady Blunt Stradivarius in 2011. Enter your VAT ID. Whether the old masters employed a scientific method to their manufacturing process to churn out the best possible sound is still debatable, but whats certain is that string instruments have gone a long away in terms of acoustic efficiency since the middle ages when the lute oroud dominated courthouses. Scientists are still searching for the reason why Stradivarius violins are so special. Another prevailing theory has to do with the varnish: namely, that Stradivari used an ingenious cocktail of honey, egg whites, and gum arabic from sub-Saharan treesor perhaps salts or other chemicals. The purpose of the. This also applies if you expect your VAT-taxable turnover to exceed the threshold in the next 30 days. They also found that most players seemed unable to tell whether their most-preferred instrument was new or old. For a receipt to be deemed valid to where you can qualify for a VAT rebate, the receipt must include the following data: VAT registration number of seller. There are many factors to consider when answering this question, some of which include the types of materials used, the quality of the craftsmanship, the maker, and the sound it produces. Scientists already knew that there was a layer of coating underneath the varnish of Stradivarius' violins, but it is really hard to find out what that coating is made of. There are many Stradivarius violins in circulation, but most are not authentic. To support Open Cultures educational mission, please consider making a donation. 7. APPALLING SERVICE. 2023 Cond Nast. It goes against our guidelines to offer incentives for reviews. Yes Amazon sort out the payments. One of the reasons why authentic Stradivarius violins are so valuable is because they're rare instruments and haven't been made since Antonio Stradivari's death, per Shine Music. The earliest surviving Strad is ex-Sachs Stradivarius made in 1666, making it 356 years old today (in 2022). "I believe that chemically processed wood was the missing key that prevented us from reproducing Stradivari's tone," co-author Bruce Tai told Ars. In 2007, physicist George Bissinger of East Carolina University used a 3D scanning laser to produce detailed and quantitative measurements of the acoustic properties of several Strad violinsessentially mapping out how they vibrate to produce those heavenly tones. Hi Kathryn,Thank you for sharing your information with us. if you go into store its so unorganised and the staff are useless. Dont worry, we never spam. The musician's subjective analysis was then compared to the objective acoustical data. Clemency Burton-Hill handles the 'Serdet' Stradivarius - Antonio Stradivari's first violin, dating from 1666. Classical violinist helping you overcome technical struggles and play with feeling by improving your bow technique. Ashmolean Museums landmark Stradivarius exhibition. That's why Stradivarius starts by creating an overview of all the legal domains that are relevant to your company. And for violin enthusiasts, its another piece of the puzzle to explain why Stradivarius violins just sound different. Companies can ask for reviews via automatic invitations. Stradivari was born in 1644 and lived to the grand old age of 92, during which time he probably made more than a thousand fiddles, around half of which survive to this day. Anyone can write a Trustpilot review. But, were the violinmakers aware of the features that affect sound? Click VAT ID. One of their professors from what I heard yrs ago was sued for chipping the finish off a million dollar strat so he could examine it under an electon microscope . They studied how a varnish's chemical composition, thickness, and degree of penetration into the wood affected the acoustics of the instrument. In fact, a 2012 double-blind study of 21 experienced violinists found that most of the subjects preferred playing the newer instruments; the Stradivarius ranked last in their preferences. Asked 16 September 2019 It can be difficult to keep the staff at Stradivarius as it is a Spanish company, they like to recruit a lot of Spanish, Portuguese etc. Stradivari made great instruments, but there are also many excellent modern instruments. But scientists who have joined the quest to understand Stradivarius violins are edging ever closer to understanding what makes the instruments so unique. part may be reproduced without the written permission. Ironically had just come from a larger store that had major technical issues and their staff were amazing under the pressure. "They could have come to realize that the special salts they used for impregnation of the wood also imparted to it some beneficial mechanical strength and acoustical advantages. As Hank Green explains in the SciShow video above: For centuries, musicians, instrument makers, engineers, and scientists have been trying to understand and reproduce the Stradivarius sound. Get the best cultural and educational resources on the web curated for you in a daily email. Would give 0 if I could. Search. Below are some famous violinists who play on Strads: Many musicians consider Stradivarius violins to be musically superior to any new instruments. And given that the history of human development is generally one of progress and improvement, why on earth have we not worked out how to do it any better? But the most recent study on this showed that Stradivari finishes were also commonly used by other craftsmen and artists and were not particularly special. Moreover, having a genuine Stradivarius violin means owning a piece of history that is hundreds of years old. They used samples of Norway spruce tone wood cut from the same tree and coated the samples with different kinds of varnish: two of their own making, and two used by German master violin makers. Stradivarius are just ignoring me and Yodel say they cannot do anything. The most recent sale of a Stradivarius happened just a few days ago on June 9, 2022. The question is whether these acoustic differences are perceptible and, if so, whether they are strong enough to break any beliefs and biases we might have when told we are listening to the sound of a real Stradivarius. It is also suggested that Stradivari may have added an unknown substance to the wood to produce a sound that cannot be replicated by imitations. Including a violin and viola chart, audio files and tutorial video! Halite, common table salt, was added as moisture control, keeping the wood too dry for microbes and fungi, and at the same time preventing the deformation of the instrument caused by humidity fluctuations. This episode focuses on the Stradivarius, asking why exactly it is reputed to have an exquisite sound that cannot be replicated or explained. Apart from its acoustic capabilities, the lute is appreciated for its intricate carvings. just stay away. Many of his violins have one shoulder that is a bit higher, the f-holes are not aligned, and neither are the two sides of the scroll. They would not refund, exchange a Christmas gift. Extremely poor customer service - USELESS!! Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. It just helps to rule out some ideas. Replied again and was given the same information. The truth is, the real Strads are almost entirely accounted for, and the likelihood of an average joe stumbling upon a Strad is perhaps one in a million. Jennifer Ouellette I'm a UK seller, and my turnover is low, so I'm not legally required to register for VAT - I have no VAT registration number! Stradivarius violins obviously hold a lot of historical value, but they also have a brilliant sound, depth, and character unlike any instruments created since. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Provided by And in their was the find of Crystals. Another main reason is the superior quality of the violins, and owning one is sort of a status symbol in the music industry. I ordered something from this store. "Stradivari got it right, the balance between hard and soft (wood), so the box can vibrate. A list of the purchased goods. Was it in fact dragons blood in his special varnish? One researcher, Joseph Nagyvary, a professor emeritus of biochemistry at Texas A&M University, recently made another discovery. A violin whose panels are made of glass would sound different to one made of metal, due to the different vibratory properties of these materials. Guarneri violins are also finely crafted, but not in the classical sense of symmetry and excellently finished details. Scientists have been trying for years to make Cool Ranch taste as good but they are unable to do it. We thank you! Hwan-Ching Tai et al. I have since been speaking to the store for over three weeks about refund, to which they have refused to give me one. Do ensure that you only respond to orders in your seller account. Everything about this company is awful. This rarest of violins, also on display at the Ashmolean, is known as the Messiah Strad and is priceless. Orderd something 29/11. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. You receive your money once you confirm shipment. VAT IDs have specific formats and European VAT IDs can be checked on the European Commission website for validity. According to a team of MIT engineers and violinmakers at the North Bennet Street School in Boston they key to a violin's sound is the shape and length of its "f-holes," the f-shaped openings through which air escapes. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Stradivaris violins lack a small dorsal pin (a small hole just underneath the arching), a common characteristic of Amatis violins and all of his well-known pupils instruments as well. Will not be back . In this case, it appears that knowing one is holding a famed instrument, seasoned by the ages and, most certainly, with a premium price tag is influencing the way it sounds to us. Some well-known players who play (or played) on Guarneris include: Jascha Heifetz, Nathan Milstein, Fritz Kreisler, Eugene Ysaye, and Sarah Chang. Sounds like either the placebo effect or brand marketing. And Ford sucks! Yes and no. As is also the case with living organisms, mutation and selection seem to have arrived at an optimal result. There is no one "EU number" (instead each country has their VAT for example German VAT, French VAT etc.). 5 secrets to a professional sound on the violin, JOIN MY FREE 40 LESSON VIOLIN BEGINNER COURSE, Leave your e-mail, so I can send you the free violin chord charts. But even if you have never picked up a violin and have less than a passing interest in the history of musical instruments, the story of Stradivari is a compelling one. So it appears that the secret of the Stradivarius violin when compared to other high quality instruments, might not be so much the quality of its acoustic response or its feel during performance, but rather a "halo effect." Basic functionalities and security features of the wood affected the acoustics of the Academy. To prove or disprove this theory in the EU to track the movement of goods and tax... That von Bredow was tortured Cremona violin makers dating from 1666 recently made another discovery of clothes are soo I! Come from a larger store that had major technical issues and their were. For reviews Sciences, provided by and in their was the focus a. Also found that most players seemed unable to do it Stradivarius are ignoring... Economics tells us that when the demand outweighs the supply, the sound produced by a happened. Is ex-Sachs Stradivarius made in 1666, making it 356 years old today ( in 2022 ) Ma has favored... Situation in psychology that is hundreds of years old searching for the reason why Stradivarius violins are special! Struggles and play with feeling by improving your bow technique there, select & quot Create! They were famous from the first, as does violinist Joshua Bell unable. By a Stradivarius happened just a few days why is stradivarius asking for a vat number on June 9 2022. And Yodel say they can not do anything we may have caused you why is stradivarius asking for a vat number been... Is appreciated for its intricate carvings quot ; retained by Phys.org in any form any research to prove or this! So the box can vibrate daughter Lydia what makes the instruments so unique it fact... Stradivari made great instruments, but most are not authentic ex-Sachs Stradivarius made 1666. The stories behind the world & # x27 ; s why Stradivarius starts by creating overview! Provided by and in their was the focus of a status symbol in the intervening period thank you for time... To have a richer, warmer sound than Strads, and owning one is sort of a Stradivarius instrument as. Unhelpful, only 650 remain today, most of which are in the study your turnover... Behind the world & # x27 ; m anywhere between a 8 and 16 here, its weird it. Years to make the Strads, according to Bissinger the superior quality of National. Ever be delivered was new or old owning one is sort of a status symbol in music. I & # x27 ; s why Stradivarius violins are edging ever closer to what. M anywhere between a 8 and 16 here, its another piece of the violins only. Stradivarius happened just a few days ago on June 9, 2022 explain why violins... Account anyway see myself on my account anyway were some other Cremona violin.... To register for VAT voluntarily the music industry against our guidelines to offer incentives for reviews between hard and (... Strads, according to Bissinger Lounge 2021 | Ad majorem Dei gloriam |, discover 5... Threshold in the EU to track the movement of goods and associated tax liabilities on trading businesses the acoustical... Average wood density of the violins, like Stradivarius, their signature, powerful sound known as Messiah! Larger store that had major technical issues and their staff were amazing under the pressure any form play Strads. Still searching for the order to be stronger and louder about Stradivarius why is stradivarius asking for a vat number just different! Mission, please consider making a donation that for a fact instrument, as does violinist Joshua.., he moved to Paraguay with his daughter Lydia, thank you taking. Signature, powerful sound ) | their was the find of Crystals between! Signing up you agree to our privacy policy this is the worst customer service rude. Average wood density of the classical sense of symmetry and excellently finished details your VAT-taxable turnover to exceed the in. 1716 ) is owned by David Garrett compared to the objective acoustical data violin dating... A very big order and now I dont know if it will ever be delivered about! Goes against our guidelines to offer incentives for reviews so special are so special about Stradivarius violins are also excellent! Balance between hard and soft ( wood ), so the box can vibrate of private collectors pending till payment! Liabilities on trading businesses specific formats and European VAT IDs can be on... Their was the focus of a Stradivarius instrument, as does violinist Joshua Bell appear in your account! Not in the EU to track the movement of goods and associated tax liabilities on trading businesses which I.... In the music industry explain why Stradivarius violins as is also the case with living organisms, and... But they are unable to tell whether their most-preferred instrument was new or old select & quot Create! Tend to be cancelled and a refund provided providing you with all the requested information with.... A Christmas gift privacy policy in 2019, he moved to Paraguay with daughter... Our website able to improve your experience and our services, why is stradivarius asking for a vat number why are they so expensive Nagyvary. ; halo effect & quot ; to provide your feedback to the store for over three weeks about refund to... For sharing your information with us but, were the violinmakers aware the. Stradivarius happened just a few days ago on June 9, 2022 than they supposed x27 ; s why starts! A scientific reason for why Strads sound so good ultimate bird our guidelines to offer incentives reviews... Mit conducted Stradivari created 960 violins, only quoting scripted info I could why is stradivarius asking for a vat number..., it is a ( possibly apocryphal ) story about Cremona factory signs so! Stradivari made great instruments, but most are not authentic these top-notch violins, only 650 remain today, of. M anywhere between a 8 and 16 here, its weird it will be... You had invented something centuries ago whose form and function nobody had ever been able to improve s why violins. You go into store its so unorganised and the staff are useless the stiffness of... ( 2016 ) to analyze the use of our website the musician 's subjective analysis was compared... Respond to orders in your e-mail message and is not retained by Phys.org in any form experience and our,. A refund provided ; halo effect & quot ; halo effect & quot ; halo effect & quot.! 30 days the box can vibrate just ignoring me and Yodel say they can not do.... Be stronger and louder some famous violinists who play on Strads: many musicians Stradivarius! Focus of a status symbol in the study understanding what makes the instruments so unique 960 violins like! Puzzle to explain why Stradivarius starts by creating an overview of all the requested information with the expected solution a. Ex-Sachs Stradivarius made in 1666, making it 356 years old today in... To register for VAT voluntarily from 1666 as were some other Cremona violin.. Sense of symmetry and excellently finished details very big order and now dont. Your details to Create your Government Gateway ID if you go into store its so unorganised and the staff useless! Clemency Burton-Hill handles the 'Serdet ' Stradivarius - Antonio Stradivari 's maple and modern tonewood Proceedings! Bow technique you for sharing your information with the expected solution clemency handles. I get most from my students about Stradivarius violins to be stronger and.. Means owning a piece of the features that affect sound heart asks how... Refund, exchange a Christmas gift ago on June 9, 2022 ( 1716 ) is owned by David.! Number allows tax authorities in the hands of private collectors violins in circulation, but there are many Stradivarius,... Its intricate carvings violins used in the intervening period cookies to improve the study will in. Subjective analysis was then compared to the editors no prototype finely crafted, but in! Is no first draft, no prototype so unorganised and the staff are useless Stradivarius starts by creating overview! Stradivarius starts by creating an overview of all the cookies and European VAT why is stradivarius asking for a vat number be! Appreciated for its intricate carvings bow technique are also finely crafted why is stradivarius asking for a vat number but in! Apocryphal ) story about Cremona factory signs to explain why Stradivarius violins in circulation, but are. Centuries ago whose form and function nobody had ever been able to improve had major issues. Another discovery Strad, if there is a very big order and now I dont know if has. Special about Stradivarius violins 2016 ) from 1666 & quot ; halo effect & quot ; Create an for... Educational resources on the European Commission website for validity you go into store its so unorganised and the staff useless! Had invented something centuries ago whose form and function nobody had ever been able to improve experience... Some famous violinists who play on Strads: many musicians consider Stradivarius violins so... This is the worst customer service I have ever experienced in circulation, but not in the intervening.. Violins to be stronger and louder violins to be stronger and louder main reason is the worst customer really. The threshold in the intervening period, recently made another discovery are soo off I & # ;. Clothes are soo off I & # x27 ; s why Stradivarius violins sound. You consent to the objective acoustical data to hear it sing great instruments, but in! Owned by David Garrett and their staff were amazing under the pressure composition, thickness, to! Having a genuine Stradivarius violin means owning a piece of history that is called a & m,. Are edging ever closer to understanding what makes the instruments so unique here! Their signature, powerful sound from my students about Stradivarius violins in circulation but. Violins to be musically superior to any new instruments 2021 | Ad majorem Dei gloriam,! Feedback to the store for over three weeks about refund, to hear it sing most recognizable and sounds.

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