And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. More was thus in his early thirties, successful, happily married, when the tax collectors Dudley and Empson were beheaded on Tower Hill at the command of the new king, Henry VIII. Henry needed a son and heir. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). More's trial took place on 1 July. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. At their trial, a Cromwellian observer said, the noblemen stood at the bar with castyng up of eies and hands, as though those thyngs had ben never herd of before, that thenne were laid to theyr charge. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. Wolsey, for all his brilliance and cunning, could not compete with that influence. Shrewsbury Cathedral, she is in the fourth window in front of John Fisher. He worked eight years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. In 1536, Pole sent Henry a treatise which not only opposed Henrys grounds for divorce that he had married his brothers wife and thus the marriage was invalid but also opposing Henrys more recent assertion of Royal Supremacy, power in the church in England above that of Rome. In 1512, Parliament, with Henrys assent, restored to her some of the lands that had been held by Henry VII for her brother while he was imprisoned, and then had been confiscated when he was executed. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. International Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. In June 1535, after he had been imprisoned for over a year, Cromwells servant, Richard Rich, now solicitor general, stated that he had spoken with More and More had denied Parliaments power to make Henry head of the church. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. But Margaret herself was an ornament to Henry. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 In 1886, Margaret would be beatified by Pope Leo XIII as a martyr to Henrys regime. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. Together, they had five children, but she was widowed in 1505. Pole, Reginald (1500-58). "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. Lewis, Jone Johnson. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. Abstract. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. When Henry gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give. In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. Please include name, address and a telephone number. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. The charge was treason. But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. Stoke was a decisive victory. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. But they have never been proven, and in fact they seem pretty far fetched. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. To my principles!". As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. Margaret and Richard Pole had five children, born between about 1492 and 1504: four sons and the youngest a daughter. Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Read More. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. On the 27th May 1541, the elderly Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, godmother and former governess to Henry VIII's daughter Mary, was executed at the Tower of London. . [2] As one of the few members of the House of Plantagenet to have survived the Wars of the Roses, she was executed in 1541 at the command of King Henry VIII, the second monarch of the House of Tudor, who was the son of her first cousin, Elizabeth of York. And the king did not force the issue. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. The Bishop of Rochester John Fisher is executed on the same charge. It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. He lived in relative poverty, for he held no office and relied solely upon the hundred pounds per annum he collected from a property rental. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. In 1509, when Henry VIII came to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. Allida is tongue-tied with An Impossible Thing to Say by Arya Shahi, in which an Iranian American teen in Arizonafalls in love with the new girl at school, Shakespeare, and rap music while . It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . Credit: PjrWindows / Alamy Stock Photo. Ultimately, they would both become martyrs of their faith (though this show is not likely . Birth Year: 1478. [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. The only people to escape the toxicity of the court were Lina (Stephanie Levi-John) and Oviedo (Aaron Cobham), who decided to seek a new life in the Ottoman Empire. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. She was a devout and learned young woman, and though we primarily know her as the older wife who could not bear Henry his desired son and heir, she was once young and pretty and well-liked. We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. The pope would not relent. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. Richard Pole held a variety of offices in Henry VII's government, the highest being Chamberlain for Arthur, Prince of Wales, Henry's elder son. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his brother, Geoffrey. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. More later memorialized her as uxorcula Thomae Mori; her gentle personality is attested to by Erasmuss letters, as he was a frequent visitor to Mores home. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. The resulting trial was mere show; despite his impassioned and brilliant defense, no one ever expected More to be found anything other than guilty. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. And so he was. They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. Did she plot against the crown? Margaret was looked after well in the Tower, with Henry VIII paying for her food, clothing and a woman to attend her. Here is where it gets complicated. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. [23] Her remains were later uncovered when the chapel was renovated in 1876.[24][25]. The following poem was found carved on the wall of her cell: For traitors on the block should die; Henry and his ministers suspected Reginald of plotting to marry the kings daughter Mary, and unite her claim with his. Henry, the eldest son, though knighted and given the family title Lord Montagu, did not share the general admiration for the king. His naivety meant that, when Henry VIII came to the church father two... Had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death spoken, traitoring her and her sons the... 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